Tire

ABSTRACT

A tire includes a tread portion provided with a plurality of blocks. At least one of the plurality of blocks is provided with a sipe. The sipe extends in a sipe longitudinal direction to form a zigzag opening configuration on a ground contact surface of the at least one of the plurality of blocks. The sipe extends inwardly in a tire radial direction such that the zigzag opening configuration oscillates in the sipe longitudinal direction repeatedly with a total amplitude and a wavelength while maintaining the zigzag opening configuration. A half of the wavelength of the sipe is in a range of from 0.10 to 0.24 times a maximum depth of the sipe, and a slope of the half of the wavelength with respect to the total amplitude has an angle in a range of from 45 to 65 degrees.

BACKGROUND ART Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to tires, and more particularly to a tire capable of improving tire life and wet performance.

Description of the Related Art

Tires, especially winter tires, which comprise a tread portion provided with a plurality of blocks with a narrow sipe have been proposed. In some aspects, the sipe extends in a sipe longitudinal direction to form a zigzag opening configuration on a ground contact surface of the blocks. Further, the sipe may extend inwardly in the tire radial direction such that the zigzag opening configuration oscillates in the sipe longitudinal direction repeatedly while maintaining the zigzag opening configuration. The sipe as mentioned above includes a pair of sipe walls facing each other wherein each of the sipe walls is configured as a wall having an unevenness surface varying in the tire radial direction as well as in the tire axial direction periodically. Since the pair of sipe walls may engage with each other when coming into contact with the ground, the apparent rigidity of the block can be enhanced to suppress the deformation of the block and volume reduction in grooves adjacent to the block.

Recently, customers require a longer life and better wet performance for tires than ever.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and has an object to provide tires capable of improving tire life and wet performance.

In one aspect of the invention, a tire includes a tread portion provided with a plurality of blocks. At least one of the plurality of blocks is provided with a sipe. The sipe extends in a sipe longitudinal direction to form a zigzag opening configuration on a ground contact surface of the at least one of the plurality of blocks. The sipe extends inwardly in a tire radial direction such that the zigzag opening configuration oscillates in the sipe longitudinal direction repeatedly with a total amplitude and a wavelength while maintaining the zigzag opening configuration, wherein a half of the wavelength is in a range of from 0.10 to 0.24 times a maximum depth of the sipe, and wherein a slope of the half of the wavelength with respect to the total amplitude has an angle in a range of from 45 to 65 degrees.

In another aspect of the invention, the sipe may be provided such that the sipe longitudinal direction is in a range of from 5 to 15 degrees with respect to a tire axial direction.

In another aspect of the invention, the ground contact surface of the at least one of the plurality of blocks may comprise a pair of peak portions protruding outwardly on both sides in a tire axial direction, and the sipe may comprise a first end and a second end each of which is located proximately to either one of the pair of peak portions.

In another aspect of the invention, the pair of peak portions may comprise a first peak portion and a second peak portion, and the ground contact surface of the at least one of the plurality of blocks may comprise a first long edge extending from the first peak portion toward a first side in a tire circumferential direction, a first short edge extending from the first peak portion toward a second side in the tire circumferential direction, a second long edge extending from the second peak portion toward the first side in the tire circumferential direction, and a second short edge extending from the second peak portion toward the second side in the tire circumferential direction.

In another aspect of the invention, the first end of the sipe may be in communication with the first peak portion or may be located within 2 mm in the tire circumferential direction from the first peak portion, and the second end of the sipe may be in communication with the second long edge at a location which is away from the second peak portion greater than 2 mm but within 5 mm in the tire circumferential direction.

In another aspect of the invention, the plurality of blocks may be arranged in the tire circumferential direction with pitches through lateral grooves, and the lateral grooves may have widths in a range of from 15% to 25% of the pitches.

In another aspect of the invention, the plurality of blocks may have a maximum width in a tire axial direction in a range of from 15% to 25% of a tread width.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a development view of a tread portion according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2A is a plan view of a sipe provided on a crown block, and FIG. 2B is a front view of a sipe wall of the sipe illustrated in FIG. 2A.

FIG. 3 is a perspective development view of a part of a crown block which is divided by the sipe.

FIGS. 4 and 5 are enlarged views of a crown block row and a middle block row.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

An embodiment of the present invention will be explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 illustrates a development view of a tread portion 2 of a tire 1 according to one embodiment of the present invention. The present invention may be embodied as a various kind of tires, e.g., pneumatic tires for passenger car or motorcycle, and non-pneumatic tires which can support the tire load structurally without being filled with a pressurized air. The tire 1 illustrated in FIG. 1 is embodied for a heavy load vehicle.

The tread portion 2, in the embodiment, is provided with a plurality of main grooves 3 extending continuously in the tire circumferential direction and a plurality of lateral grooves 4 extending between the main grooves 3 or extending between one of the main grooves 3 and a tread edge Te which is adjacent to the one of the main grooves 3. Thus, the tread portion 2 is configured to have a plurality of brock rows 5R each of which includes a plurality of circumferentially spaced blocks 5 each divided by the main grooves 3 and the lateral grooves 4.

The main grooves 3 in accordance with the embodiment include a pair of crown main grooves 3A and 3A arranged such that the tire equator C is located therebetween and a pair of shoulder main grooves 3B and 3B arranged outside the crown main grooves 3A in the tire axial direction. In some embodiments, the main grooves 3 may extend in a zigzag manner. Note that the main grooves 3 are not limited to such an aspect, but can be embodied as various aspects.

In some embodiments, although it is not particularly limited, the respective groove widths W1 and W2 of the crown main grooves 3A and the shoulder main grooves 3B are preferably in a range of from 2% to 6% of the tread width TW. The depths of the crown main grooves 3A and the shoulder main grooves 3B (not illustrated) are preferably in a range of from 10 to 20 mm, for example.

The lateral grooves 4 in accordance with the embodiment include crown lateral grooves 4A, middle lateral grooves 4B and shoulder lateral grooves 4C. The crown lateral grooves 4A extend to communicate with the pair of crown main grooves 3A and 3A from each other. The middle lateral grooves 4B extend to communicate the crown main grooves 3A with the shoulder main grooves 3B. The shoulder lateral grooves 4C extend from the shoulder main grooves 3B to the tread edges Te. In some embodiments, although the lateral grooves 4 may extend in a straight manner, it is noted that the lateral grooves 4 are not limited to such an aspect.

In some preferred embodiments, the depths (not illustrated) of the crown lateral grooves 4A and the middle lateral grooves 4B may be set in a range of from 60% to 90% of the depths of the crown main grooves 3A. In some preferred embodiments, the depths (not illustrated) of the shoulder lateral grooves 4C may be set in a range of from 10% to 40% of the depths of the shoulder main grooves 3B.

As used herein, the tread edges Te refer to axially outermost edges of the ground contacting patch of the tread portion 2 which occurs under a condition where the tire being under a standard condition is grounded on a plane with a standard tire load at the camber angle of zero.

As used herein, the standard condition is such that the tire is mounted on a standard wheel rim (not illustrated) with a standard pressure, but is loaded with no tire load. In this application including specification and claims, various dimensions, positions and the like of the tire refer to those under the standard condition of the tire unless otherwise noted.

As used herein, the standard wheel rim is a wheel rim officially approved for the tire by standards organizations, wherein the standard wheel rim is the “standard rim” specified in JATMA, the “Measuring Rim” in ETRTO, and the “Design Rim” in TRA or the like, for example.

As used herein, the standard pressure is a standard pressure officially approved for the tire by standards organizations, wherein the standard pressure is the “maximum air pressure” in JATMA, the “Inflation Pressure” in ETRTO, and the maximum pressure given in the “Tire Load Limits at Various Cold Inflation Pressures” table in TRA or the like, for example.

As used herein, the standard tire load is a tire load officially approved for the tire by standards organizations, wherein the standard tire load is the “maximum load capacity” in JATMA, the “Load Capacity” in ETRTO, and the maximum value given in the above-mentioned table in TRA or the like.

In this embodiment, the block rows 5R include a crown block row 5A, a pair of middle block rows 5B and a pair of shoulder block rows 5C. The crown block row 5A, in the embodiment, is provided on the tire equator C and includes a plurality of crown blocks 5 a divided by the pair of crown main grooves 3A and the crown lateral grooves 4A. The middle block rows 5B, in the embodiment, include a plurality of middle blocks 5 b divided by the crown main grooves 3A, the shoulder main grooves 3B and the middle lateral grooves 4B. The shoulder block rows 5C, in the embodiment, include a plurality of shoulder blocks 5 c divided by the shoulder main grooves 3B, the tread edges Te and the shoulder lateral grooves 4C.

In the embodiment, at least one of the crown blocks 5 a, the middle blocks 5 b and the shoulder blocks 5 c is provided with a sipe 10. In some preferred embodiments, the sipe 10 may be formed on the crown blocks 5 a and the middle blocks 5 b as a crown sipe 10A and a middle sipe 10B respectively. The sipe 10 extends in a sipe longitudinal direction to form a zigzag opening configuration 10 e, as illustrated in FIG. 2, on ground contact surfaces 7A and 8A of the of the crown blocks 5 a and the middle blocks 5 b respectively. As used herein, a sipe refers to as a narrow cut that has a width equal to or less than 2.0 mm.

FIG. 2A illustrates a plan view of the sipe 10 (the crown sipe 10A), and FIG. 2B illustrates a front view of one of sipe walls 11. FIG. 3 illustrates a perspective development view of a part of the crown block 5 a which is divided by the sipe 10. As illustrated in FIGS. 2A, 2B and 3, the sipes 10, in the embodiment, extends inwardly in a tire radial direction such that the zigzag opening configuration 10 e oscillates in the sipe longitudinal direction repeatedly with a total amplitude (A) and a wavelength while maintaining the shape of the zigzag opening configuration 10 e. The sipe 10 as mentioned above includes a pair of sipe walls 11 and 11 facing each other wherein each of the sipe walls 11 is configured as a wall having an unevenness surface varying in the tire radial direction as well as in the tire axial direction periodically. Since the pair of sipe walls 11 may engage with each other when coming into contact with the ground, the apparent rigidity of the blocks 5 a and 5 b can be enhanced to suppress the deformation of the blocks 5 a and 5 b and volume reduction in the lateral grooves 4A and 4B adjacent to the blocks 5 a and 5 b. Thus, the tire life and wet performance of the tire may be improved. Since the sipe 10 may enhance the apparent rigidity of the block 5, the sipe 10 may preferably be used for heavy duty tires which are supposed to receive a large ground contact pressure.

The inventor has found that a tire life and wet performance of the tire can be further improved by modifying the configuration of the sipe 10 as follows. First, in the sipe 10, a half of the wavelength (hereinafter, the half wavelength D1) is set in a range of from 0.10 to 0.24 times a maximum depth D of the sipe 10. Second, a slope of the half wavelength D1 with respect to the total amplitude (A) is set to have an angle θ in a range of from 45 to 65 degrees. When the half wavelength D1 is less than 0.10 times the maximum depth D of the sipe 10, some of the blocks 5 a and 5 b may chip due to difficulty of pulling out knife-blades for molding sipe (not illustrated) from the tire smoothly after vulcanization. When the half wavelength D1 is greater than 0.24 time the maximum depth D of the sipe 10, the effect that suppresses deformation of the blocks 5 a and 5 b when coming into contact with the ground may be deteriorated since an engagement force between the sipe walls 11 becomes lower. Furthermore, the slope angle θ of the half wavelength D1 is less than 45 degrees, some of the blocks 5 a and 5 b may chip when the knife-blades are pulled out. When the slope angle θ of the half wavelength D1 is greater than 65 degrees, the effect that suppresses deformation of the blocks 5 a and 5 b when coming into contact with the ground may be deteriorated since an engagement force between the sipe walls 11 becomes lower.

The sipe walls 11, in the embodiment, are configured to have a plurality of substantially parallelogram wall-pieces 11 a are arranged in the tire radial direction and the sipe longitudinal direction. In FIG. 2B, some wall-pieces 11 a are hatched. The above-mentioned slope angle θ refers to as an angle of a radially extending longitudinal edge 11 e of each wall-piece 11 with respect to the sipe longitudinal direction. The above-mentioned half wavelength D1 refers to as a radial length of the longitudinal edge 11 e of each wall-piece 11. In FIG. 2B, broken lines and solid lines of the wall-pieces 11 a show mountain fold portions and valley fold portions respectively.

As illustrated in FIG. 4, the ground contact surface 7A of each of the crown blocks 5 a includes a pair of peak portions protruding outwardly on both sides in the tire axial direction, wherein the pair of peak portions include a first peak portion 7 a protruding toward one side in the tire axial direction (the right side in FIG. 4) and a second peak portion 7 b protruding toward the other side in the tire axial direction (the left side in FIG. 4).

The ground contact surface 7A of each of the crown blocks 5 a, in the embodiment, includes a first long edge 7 c extending from the first peak portion 7 a toward a first side in the tire circumferential direction (below in FIG. 4) and a first short edge 7 d extending from the first peak portion 7 a toward a second side in the tire circumferential direction (above in FIG. 4). Furthermore, the ground contact surface 7A of each of the crown blocks 5 a, in the embodiment, includes a second short edge 7 e extending from the second peak portion 7 b toward the first side in the tire circumferential direction and a second long edge 7 f extending from the second peak portion 7 b toward the second side in the tire circumferential direction. As mentioned above, the crown blocks 5 a includes circumferentially extending block edges which include the first long edge 7 c, the second long edge 7 f, the first short edge 7 d and the second short edge 7 e.

The first long edge 7 c is inclined in an opposite direction to the first short edge 7 d with respect to the tire circumferential direction. Similarly, the second short edge 7 e is inclined in an opposite direction to the second long edge 7 f with respect to the tire circumferential direction.

The ground contact surface 8A of each of the middle blocks 5 b includes a pair of peak portions protruding outwardly on both sides in the tire axial direction, wherein the pair of peak portions include a first peak portion 8 a protruding outwardly in the tire axial direction and a second peak portion 8 b protruding toward the tire equator C.

The ground contact surface 8A of each of the middle blocks 5 b, in the embodiment, includes a first long edge 8 c extending from the first peak portion 8 a toward the first side in the tire circumferential direction and a first short edge 8 d extending from the first peak portion 8 a toward the second side in the tire circumferential direction. Furthermore, the ground contact surface 8A of each of the middle blocks 5 b, in the embodiment, includes a second long edge 8 e extending from the second peak portion 8 b toward the first side in the tire circumferential direction and a second short edge 8 f extending from the second peak portion 8 b toward the second side in the tire circumferential direction. As mentioned above, the middle blocks 5 b includes circumferentially extending block edges which include the first long edge 8 c, the second long edge 8 e, the first short edge 8 d, and the second short edge 8 f.

In each of the middle blocks 5 b, the first long edge 8 c is inclined in an opposite direction to the first short edge 8 d with respect to the tire circumferential direction. Similarly, in each of the middle blocks 5 b, the second long edge 8 e is inclined in an opposite direction to the second short edge 8 f with respect to the tire circumferential direction.

In some preferred embodiment, as mentioned above, the crown blocks 5 a as well as the middle blocks 5 b are configured to have a substantially barrel typed hexagonal shape. Since each of the blocks 5 a and 5 b as such suppresses deformation of blocks, the life and wet performance of the tire may be improved.

As illustrated in FIG. 5, each of the crown sipes 10A includes a first end 10 a and a second end 10 b which are respectively located on or proximately to the peak portions 7 a and 7 b of the crown blocks 5 a. Thus, the length of each of the crown sipes 10A may become longer to increase the number of wall-pieces 11 a of the sipe 10A such that a large engagement force is generated between sipe walls 11. Accordingly, the deformation of the crown blocks 5 a may be suppressed to improve wet performance as well as tire life. Further, knife-blades for molding the crown sipes 10A may be pulled out easily from the tire since the crown blocks 5 a have unbalanced circumferential rigidity on both sides of the respective peak portions 7 a and 7 b. Thus, chipping damages on the crown blocks 5 a may be suppressed to exhibit better tire life.

In the crown blocks 5 a in accordance with the embodiment, each of the crown sipes 10A has the first end 10 a and the second end 10 b which are respectively located within a circumferential distance La of 2 mm from the first peak portion 7 a and the second peak portion 7 b in the tire circumferential direction. Furthermore, in some preferred embodiments, in each of the crown sipes 10A, the first end 10 a may be in communication with the first peak portion 7 a, and/or the second end 10 b may be in communication with the second peak 7 b in order to further improve the above advantageous effects.

Each of the middle sipes 10B includes a first end 10 c and a second end 10 d which are respectively located on or proximately to the first peak portion 8 a and the second peak portion 8 b. Thus, the length of each of the middle sipes 10B may become longer to increase the number of wall-pieces 11 a of the sipe 10B such that a large engagement force is generated between sipe walls 11. Accordingly, the deformation of the middle blocks 5 b may be suppressed to improve wet performance as well as tire life. Further, knife-blades for molding the middle sipes 10B may be pulled out easily from the tire since the middle blocks 5 b have unbalanced circumferential rigidity on both sides of the respective peak portions 8 a and 8 b. Thus, chipping damages on the middle blocks 5 b may be suppressed to exhibit better tire life.

In some preferred embodiments, in each of the middle blocks 5 b, the first end 10 c of the middle sipe 10B is in communication with the first peak portion 8 a or is located within 2 mm in the tire circumferential direction from the first peak portion 8 a. Further, in some preferred embodiments, in each of the middle blocks 5 b, the second end 10 d of the middle sipe 10B is in communication with the second long edge 8 e, wherein a circumferential distance Lb between the second end 10 d of the middle sipe 10B and the second peak portion 8 b is preferably greater than 2 mm but equal to or less than 5 mm. Since the second peak portion 8 b may receive a larger ground contact pressure than the first peak portion 8 a, it is a portion where chipping damages, wear and the like tend to occur thereon. Thus, by connecting the second end 10 d with the second long edge 8 e, the chipping damages and the like can be suppressed, thereby maintaining long tire life.

As illustrated in FIG. 4, in each of the crown blocks 5 a, when a ratio L1/L2 between a circumferential length L1 of the first long edge 7 c and a circumferential length L2 of the first short edge 7 d becomes larger, the difference in rigidity of the crown block 5 a between circumferential both sides of the first peak portion tends to be excessively large. That is, the rigidity on the side of the first short edge 7 d of the crown block 5 a tends to be excessively small, and may make the tire life deteriorate. Thus, the ratio L1/L2 of each of the crown blocks 5 a is preferably in a range of from 1.05 to 1.15. In the same point of view, in each of the crown blocks 5 a, a ratio L3/L4 between a circumferential length L3 of the second long edge 7 f and a circumferential length L4 of the second short edge 7 e is preferably in a range of from 1.05 to 1.15. Further, in each of the middle blocks 5 b, a ratio L5/L6 between a circumferential length L5 of the first long edge 8 c and a circumferential length L6 of the first short edge 8 d is preferably in a range of from 1.05 to 1.15. Furthermore, in each of the middle blocks 5 b, a ratio L7/L8 between a circumferential length L7 of the second long edge 8 e and a circumferential length L8 of the second short edge 8 f is preferably in a range of from 1.05 to 1.15.

As illustrated in FIG. 5, in some preferred embodiment, each of the sipes 10 is provided such that the sipe longitudinal direction has an angle α in a range of from 5 to 15 degrees with respect to the tire axial direction. Thus, wet performance and life of the tire can be improved since the sipe walls 11 engage firmly with each other when straight traveling ahead as well as cornering. When the angle α of the sipes 10 is less than 5 degrees, engagement force of the sipe walls 11 when cornering tends to be small. On the other hand, when the angle α of the sipes 10 is greater than 15 degrees, engagement force of the sipe walls 11 when straight traveling ahead.

Preferably, the crown blocks 5 a have maximum widths Wa in the tire axial direction in a range of from 15% to 25% of the tread width TW. When the maximum widths Wa of the crown blocks 5 a are less than 15% of the tread width TW, the tire life tends to be worse since the rigidity of the crown blocks 5 becomes small. When the maximum widths Wa of the crown blocks 5 a are greater than 25% of the tread width TW, uneven wear may appear on the middle blocks 5 b or the shoulder blocks 5 c since the rigidity of these blocks 5 b and 5 c become small. Typically, when the tire 1 is used as a driving wheel, the middle blocks 5 b are supposed to receive a smaller ground contact pressure than the crown blocks 5 a. Thus, the maximum widths Wb of the middle blocks 5 b are preferably equal to or less than the maximum widths Wa of the crown blocks 5 a. In some preferred embodiments, the maximum widths Wb of the middle blocks 5 b in the tire axial direction are in a range of from 15% to 25% of the tread width TW.

Preferably, the widths W3 of the crown lateral grooves 4A are in a range of from 15% to 25% of the pitches Pc of the crown blocks 5 a. When the widths W3 of the crown lateral grooves 4A are less than 15% of the pitches of the crown blocks 5, wet performance of the tire may be worse since the volume of the crown lateral grooves 4A becomes small. When the widths W3 of the crown lateral grooves 4A are greater than 25% of the pitches Pc of the crown blocks 5, the tire life may be worse since the rigidity of the crown blocks 5 a becomes small.

As mentioned above, when the tire 1 is used as a driving wheel, the middle blocks 5 b are supposed to receive a smaller ground contact pressure than the crown blocks 5 a. Thus, the tire life can be maintained even if the middle blocks 5 b are configured to have smaller rigidity than the crown blocks 5 a while improving wet performance by enlarging the widths W4of the middle lateral grooves 4B. From such a point of view, the widths W4 of the middle lateral grooves 4B are preferably in a range of from 16% to 26% of the pitches Pm of the middle blocks 5 b.

The middle lateral grooves 4B are in communication with the crown main grooves 3A at locations of the first peak portion 7 a and the second peak portions 7 b of the crown blocks 7. Thus, the water in the crown main grooves 3A may flow smoothly to the middle lateral grooves 4B to improve wet performance.

The middle lateral grooves 4B are inclined in an opposite direction to the crown lateral grooves 4A with respect to the tire axial direction, i.e., the middle lateral grooves 4B are inclined in the upward left direction, and the crown lateral grooves 4A are inclined in the upward right direction. Thus, using a tire rotation, the water in the crown main grooves 3A and the shoulder main grooves 3B may be discharged axially outside to improve wet performance.

As illustrated in FIG. 1, each of the middle lateral grooves 4B arranged on one side of the tire equator C are arranged in different positions in the tire circumferential direction with respect to each of the middle lateral grooves 4B arranged on the other side of the tire equator C. Thus, each of the middle blocks 5 b arranged on the one side of the tire equator C are also arranged in different positions in the tire circumferential direction with respect to each of the middle blocks 5 b arranged on the other side of the tire equator C. Thus, the middle blocks 5 b and 5 b which are arranged on both sides of the tire equator C do not come into contact with the ground at the same time, but coming into contact with the ground at different timing. This makes it possible to reduce the ground contact pressure acting on each of the middle blocks 5 b, thereby maintain a long tire life.

The shoulder blocks 5 c in accordance with the embodiment are not provided with any sipes in contrast to the crown blocks 5 a and the middle blocks 5 b. When the sipes 10 are provided on the shoulder blocks 5 c, which are located near the tread edge Te, uneven wear tends to appear easily thereon as compared with the crown blocks 5 a and the middle blocks 5 b.

In the embodiment, in some of the lateral grooves 4, the bottoms 4 s are provided with groove-bottom sipes 20. The groove-bottom sipes 20, in the embodiment, include first groove-bottom sipes 20A provided on the crown lateral grooves 4A and second groove-bottom sipes 20B provided on the middle lateral grooves 4B. The groove-bottom sipes 20 as such may open so as to increase groove volume of the lateral grooves 4 to improve wet performance when the blocks 5 which are adjacent to the groove-bottom sipes come into contact with the ground.

The groove-bottom sipes 20, in the embodiment, extend in a straight manner in the tire radial direction as well as the sipe longitudinal direction. In some preferred embodiments, the first groove-bottom sipes 20A and the second groove-bottom sipes 20B may respectively extend in substantially parallel with the crown sipes 10A and the middle sipes 10B. Such groove-bottom sipes 20 may further improve the above advantageous effects. As used herein, the above “substantially parallel” means that the groove-bottom sipes 20 and the sipes 10 are inclined in the same direction with respect to the tire axial direction and the difference between the angles of these sipe longitudinal directions with respect to the tire axial direction is equal to or less than 5 degrees.

While the particularly preferable embodiments in accordance with the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiments, but can be modified and carried out in various aspects.

EXAMPLE

Heavy duty pneumatic tires, 275/80R22.5, having the basic tread pattern as illustrated in FIG. 1 were manufactured based on the details as shown in Table 1. Then, wet performance and tire life were tested. The test methods are as follows. Note that the sipes were formed using knife-blades during vulcanization process. Further, the number of wall-pieces in the tire radial direction of each tire was specified in accordance with the half wavelength.

Common Specifications:

-   Sipe maximum depth D: 15.1 mm     Wet Performance Test:

Each of the test tires mounted on a rim 7.50×22.5 with an internal pressure of 900 kPa was installed to a truck (2-D Type) having load of 10 ton as its all wheels, and then a driver evaluated the steering response, rigidity and grip when driving the truck on an asphalt test road covered with a 1 mm deep water. The test results are shown in Table 1 using a score wherein the Ex. 2 is set to 100. The larger the score, the better the wet performance is.

Tire Life Test:

After the test driver had driven the above truck on a dry asphalt road for 1,000 km, an amount of wear of the tread was measured. The results are indicated in Table 1 using an index of reciprocals of the measurements, wherein Ex. 2 is set to 100. The larger the index, the better the tire life is.

Table 1 shows the test results.

TABLE 1 Ref. 1 Ex. 1 Ex. 2 Ex. 3 Ref. 2 Ref. 3 Ex. 4 Ex. 5 Ref. 4 Ex. 6 Ratio D1/D of half wavelength D1 to sipe 0.08 0.1 0.17 0.24 0.26 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 maximum depth D Slope angle θ of half wavelength (deg.) 55 55 55 55 55 40 45 65 70 55 Crown sipe longitudinal angle α (deg.) 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 3 Circumferential length La between first end 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 of crown sipe and first peak portion (mm) Circumferential length Lb between second 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 end of middle sipe and second peak portion (mm) Ratio W3/Pc of crown lateral groove widths 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 W3 to crown block pitches Pc (%) Ratio W4/Pm of middle lateral groove 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 widths W4 to middle block pitches Pm (%) Ratio Wa/TW of crown block maximum 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 width Wa to tread width TW (%) Wet performance [score] 97 100 100 98 93 97 99 98 96 98 Tire life [index] 94 98 100 100 98 93 98 98 94 98 Ex. 7 Ex. 8 Ex. 9 Ex. 10 Ex. 11 Ex. 12 Ex. 13 Ex. 14 Ex. 15 Ex. 16 Ratio D1/D of half wavelength D1 to sipe 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 maximum depth D Slope angle θ of half wavelength (deg.) 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 Crown sipe longitudinal angle α (deg.) 5 15 20 10 10 10 10 10 3 5 Circumferential length La between first end 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 of crown sipe and first peak portion (mm) Circumferential length Lb between second 3 3 3 3 3 1 5 7 3 3 end of middle sipe and second peak portion (mm) Ratio W3/Pc of crown lateral groove widths 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 13 15 W3 to crown block pitches Pc (%) Ratio W4/Pm of middle lateral groove 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 widths W4 to middle block pitches Pm (%) Ratio Wa/TW of crown block maximum 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 width Wa to tread width TW (%) Wet performance [score] 100 98 98 100 96 100 100 97 97 98 Tire life [index] 98 100 98 98 101 98 100 101 100 100 Ex. 17 Ex. 18 Ex. 19 Ex. 20 Ex. 21 Ex. 22 Ex. 23 Ex. 24 Ex. 25 Ex. 26 Ratio D1/D of half wavelength D1 to sipe 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 maximum depth D Slope angle θ of half wavelength (deg.) 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 Crown sipe longitudinal angle α (deg.) 15 20 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Circumferential length La between first end 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 of crown sipe and first peak portion (mm) Circumferential length Lb between second 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 end of middle sipe and second peak portion (mm) Ratio W3/Pc of crown lateral groove widths 25 27 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 W3 to crown block pitches Pc (%) Ratio W4/Pm of middle lateral groove 20 20 14 21 26 28 20 20 20 20 widths W4 to middle block pitches Pm (%) Ratio Wa/TW of crown block maximum 20 20 20 20 20 20 13 15 25 27 width Wa to tread width TW (%) Wet performance [score] 101 101 96 97 100 100 101 100 100 97 Tire life [index] 97 96 101 101 98 97 97 100 100 101

As apparent from the test results as shown in Table 1, it was confirmed that the example pneumatic tires had improved the wet performance and the tire life significantly as compared with the reference example tire. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A heavy-duty tire comprising: a tread portion being provided with four main grooves and a plurality of lateral grooves to define five block rows consisting of a crown block row arranged on a tire equator, a pair of middle block rows arranged axially outwardly of the crown block row, and a pair of shoulder block rows arranged axially outwardly of the pair of middle block rows, wherein the crown block row comprises a plurality of crown blocks and wherein the pair of middle block rows comprises a plurality of middle blocks; each of the plurality of middle blocks comprising a ground contact surface having a barrel type hexagonal shape that protrudes axially outwardly in a block width direction to form a pair of axially spaced first and second peak portions of the middle block, the ground contact surface of each of the plurality of middle blocks comprising a first long edge extending from the first peak portion toward a first side in the tire circumferential direction, a first short edge being shorter than the first long edge and extending from the first peak portion toward a second side in the tire circumferential direction, a second long edge extending from the second peak portion toward the first side in the tire circumferential direction, and a second short edge being shorter than the second long edge and extending from the second peak portion toward the second side in the tire circumferential direction, wherein a ratio L5/L6 between a circumferential length L5 of the first long edge and a circumferential length L6 of the first short edge is equal to or less than 1.15, and a ratio L7/L8 between a circumferential length L7 of the second long edge and a circumferential length L8 of the second short edge is equal to or less than 1.15, each of the plurality of crown blocks and the plurality of middle blocks being provided with a single full-opened sipe traversing a respective one of the plurality of crown blocks and the plurality of middle blocks axially completely; and the full-opened sipe extending in a sipe longitudinal direction to form a zigzag opening configuration on a ground contact surface of a respective one of the plurality of crown blocks and the plurality of middle blocks, the sipe extending inwardly in a tire radial direction such that the zigzag opening configuration oscillates in the sipe longitudinal direction repeatedly with a total amplitude and a wavelength while maintaining the zigzag opening configuration, wherein a half of the wavelength is in a range of from 0.10 to 0.24 times a maximum depth of the sipe, and wherein a slope of the half of the wavelength with respect to the total amplitude has an angle in a range of from 45 to 65 degrees.
 2. The heavy-duty tire according to claim 1, wherein the sipe is provided such that the sipe longitudinal direction is in a range of from 5 to 15 degrees with respect to a tire axial direction.
 3. The heavy-duty tire according to claim 1, wherein in each middle block, the sipe comprises a first end and a second end each of which is located proximately to either one of the first and second peak portions.
 4. The heavy-duty tire according to claim 3, wherein the first end of the sipe is in communication with the first peak portion or is located within 2 mm in the tire circumferential direction from the first peak portion, and the second end of the sipe is in communication with the second long edge at a location which is away from the second peak portion greater than 2 mm but within 5 mm in the tire circumferential direction.
 5. The heavy-duty tire according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of crown blocks and the plurality of middle blocks each have a maximum width in a tire axial direction in a range of from 15% to 25% of a tread width.
 6. The heavy-duty tire according to claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of crown blocks and the plurality of middle blocks is provided with only the sipe.
 7. The heavy-duty tire according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of lateral grooves comprises a plurality of crown lateral grooves and a plurality of middle lateral grooves each of which is provided with groove-bottom sipes, and the groove-bottom sipes extend in a straight manner in a tire radial direction as well as a sipe longitudinal direction thereof.
 8. The heavy-duty tire according to claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of crown blocks comprises a ground contact surface having a barrel type hexagonal shape that protrudes axially outwardly in a block width direction to form a pair of axially spaced first and second peak portions of the crown block, and the ground contact surface of each of the plurality of crown blocks comprises a first long edge extending from the first peak portion toward a first side in the tire circumferential direction, a first short edge being shorter than the first long edge of the crown block and extending from the first peak portion toward a second side in the tire circumferential direction, a second short edge extending from the second peak portion toward the first side in the tire circumferential direction, and a second long edge being longer than the second short edge of the crown block and extending from the second peak portion toward the second side in the tire circumferential direction, wherein a ratio L1/L2 between a circumferential length L1 of the first long edge and a circumferential length L2 of the first short edge is equal to or less than 1.15, and a ratio L3/L4 between a circumferential length L3 of the second long edge and a circumferential length L4 of the second short edge is equal to or less than 1.15.
 9. The heavy-duty tire according to claim 1, wherein the four main grooves comprise a pair of crown main grooves and a pair of shoulder main grooves arranged axially outside the pair of crown main grooves, the plurality of lateral grooves comprises a plurality of crown lateral grooves extending between the crown main grooves to form the crown blocks, a plurality of middle lateral grooves extending between the crown main grooves and the shoulder main grooves to form the middle blocks, and a plurality of shoulder lateral grooves extending axially outwardly from the shoulder main grooves to form the shoulder block rows, a depth of the crown lateral grooves and the middle lateral grooves is in a range of from 60% to 90% of a depth of the crown main grooves, and a depth of the shoulder lateral grooves is in a range of from 10% to 40% of a depth of the shoulder main grooves.
 10. The heavy-duty tire according to claim 9, wherein a groove width W4 of the middle lateral grooves is greater than a groove width W3 of the crown lateral grooves.
 11. The heavy-duty tire according to claim 10, wherein the groove width W3 of the crown lateral grooves is in a range of from 15% to 25% of circumferential arrangement pitches Pc of the crown blocks, and the groove width W4 of the middle lateral grooves is in a range of from 16% to 26% of circumferential arrangement pitches Pm of the middle blocks.
 12. The heavy-duty tire according to claim 1, wherein the four main grooves comprise a pair of crown main grooves, the plurality of lateral grooves comprises a plurality of crown lateral grooves extending between the crown main grooves to form the crown blocks, the plurality of crown lateral grooves is provided with a plurality of groove-bottom sipes, and the plurality of groove-bottom sipes of the crown lateral grooves extends such that both ends thereof are communicated with the pair of crown main grooves.
 13. The heavy-duty tire according to claim 12, wherein the four main grooves comprise a pair of shoulder main grooves, the plurality of lateral grooves comprises a plurality of middle lateral grooves extending between the crown main grooves and the shoulder main grooves form the middle blocks, the plurality of middle lateral grooves is provided with a plurality of groove-bottom sipes, and the plurality of groove-bottom sipes of the middle lateral grooves extends such that both ends thereof are communicated with the crown main grooves and the shoulder main grooves which are axially adjacent. 